Brain Lesions Cancer

This is an narrative that will be finding into the involvement of the Central Nervous ideas in sarcoidosis or Neurosarcoidosis.

Brain Lesions Cancer

Sarcoidosis may influence any part of our brain. Cns involvement occurs in 2-7% of patients. One of the most base symptoms in those affected by neurosarcoidosis is facial frailness (if the disease affects the nerves of the face). It can also cause disturbances in the ways our senses function (hearing, taste...).

One of the worst implications is the involvement of hypothalamus, which regulates our body weight, body temperature and sleep.

Brain sarcoidosis diagnosis

Of all the forms of this disease, neurosarcoidosis is the most difficult to diagnose, because of the inaccessibility and the risk of biopsies of Cns lesions. That is why Mri scans are the first choice in health practitioners finding into brain involvement in sarcoidosis.

Brain sarcoidosis manifestations

Common manifestations of brain sarcoidosis include: Meningitis, Seizures, Cerebellar ataxia (loss of coordination), Psychiatric symptoms, Decreased hearing, Speech impairment, Loss of sense of smell, Dementia or delirium, Dizziness or vertigo (abnormal sensation of movement), Papilledema (optic disc swelling).

Brain Sarcoidosis - Optic nerve

This is the second most generally involved cranial nerve in sarcoidosis (after the facial nerve). Optic nerve lesion occurs in 5% of patients with brain sarcoidosis. Optical symptoms of optic nerve involvement contain blurred vision, field defects, and pupillary abnormalities. Exam of the optic fundi reveals characteristic sarcoid changes, together with edema of the disc, optic neuritis, and optic atrophy secondary to granulomatous infiltration in brain sarcoidosis.

Brain sarcoidosis and the spinal cord

There are no rules to what part of the spinal cord can be involved in sarcoidosis. Clinical signs of spinal cord dysfunction include: paraparesis (weakness of the lower extremities), tetraparesis (weakness of all four limbs), back and leg pains, incontinence (inability to control excretory functions).

1. Neurological phenomena caused by irritation or destruction of brain tissue, e.g, focal seizures (Jacksonian epilepsy) and paralysis.
2. Features of raised intracranial tension (Ict): The rate of increase of tension and its level depend upon the nature of the lesion and its location. For example, rapidly growing tumors and many secondaries give rise to rapid rise in Ict whereas slow growing tumors and cysts may be accommodated within the cranium for essential periods without symptoms. Moreover, in general, posterior fossa lesions lead to more rapid rise in tension than supratentorial lesions.
3. False localizing signs:
(a) These are neurological phenomena arising from secondary effects of the lesions. As a result of herniation of neural tissue under the falx cerebri or downward herniation straight through the tentorium cerebrlli and foramen magnum, pressure effects on other parts of the brain develop.
(b) Contre-Cup effect: This is pressure result caused on the side opposite to the side of lesion when a space occupying lesion expands. The midline structures such as brainstem may be pushed towards the opposite free margin of the tentorum cerebelli to give rise to compression of the general side as well. In addition to these genera features different lesions may produce symptoms definite to their nature. For example, brain abscess may be linked with fever and other signs of infection. Subarachnoid hemorrhage may be linked with signs or meningeal irritation.

Brain Lesions Cancer

Clinical features: around 50-60% or neurological disorders in India are constituted by space occupying lesions. Persistent headaches not due to any other detectable cause and unresponsive to simple medication should propose to possibility of Icsol. The ill may be felt in the midline over the head of at times it may be referred over the site of lesion, e.g meningioma. It may be continuous and progressive, paroxysmal (as in migraine), or aggravated by coughing, stooping send or changing postures.

Vomiting and optical loss: In many cases, protracted vomiting is a usual symptom. Projectile vomiting may be moistaken for gastrointestinal or psychiatric disturbances. Failure of foresight due to papilliedema is a late phenomenon in most cases. new onset of behavioral changes and sudden onset of neurological deficits are also clinical features.

Late onset of seizures: Any type of seizure occurring for the first time after the age of 15 years should propose the possibility of Icsol.